The crape myrtle is a beloved ornamental tree in the southern United States, known for its vibrant blooms, graceful structure, and tolerance to heat. The University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) has been a trusted source for information on how to properly grow, maintain, and select crape myrtle varieties suited for Florida’s unique climate and soil. Through research and outreach, UF IFAS has helped homeowners, landscapers, and nursery operators make the most of this beautiful and versatile tree.
What is a Crape Myrtle?
Crape myrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.) are deciduous shrubs or small trees native to Asia that have become widely popular in Florida landscapes. They are admired for their long-lasting summer blooms that range in color from white and pink to red and purple. The tree’s smooth, peeling bark and colorful autumn foliage also contribute to its year-round appeal.
Botanical Characteristics
- Height: Ranges from 3 to over 30 feet depending on the variety
- Blooming Period: Typically summer through early fall
- Flower Colors: White, pink, lavender, red, and purple
- Leaves: Opposite, simple leaves that turn red or orange in fall
- Bark: Exfoliating, smooth bark that adds ornamental value
These trees are well-suited for urban and suburban planting because they are drought-tolerant and low maintenance once established. With proper pruning and care, they can become a central feature of residential gardens and public landscapes alike.
UF IFAS and the Role of Research
The UF IFAS extension service provides evidence-based guidance on plant selection, placement, and care. Their work with crape myrtles focuses on promoting cultivars that thrive in Florida’s diverse ecosystems while minimizing the risk of disease and pests. They also educate the public on responsible gardening practices that support sustainable landscapes.
Key Contributions of UF IFAS
- Development of crape myrtle cultivars that resist powdery mildew and aphids
- Guidelines on proper spacing and planting techniques
- Recommendations on fertilization schedules and soil preparation
- Education on pruning methods to maintain natural form and health
These resources are made available through UF IFAS county extension offices, publications, and demonstration gardens, allowing gardeners of all skill levels to benefit from decades of horticultural research.
Best Crape Myrtle Varieties for Florida
UF IFAS promotes a variety of crape myrtle cultivars that are specifically adapted for Florida’s climate zones. These cultivars vary in size, color, and disease resistance. Choosing the right variety is essential for ensuring successful growth and maximizing ornamental value.
Top Recommended Cultivars
- ‘Natchez’ Large tree with white flowers and excellent mildew resistance
- ‘Tuscarora’ Medium height, coral-pink flowers, and smooth bark
- ‘Dynamite’ Bright red flowers with long blooming period
- ‘Muskogee’ Light lavender flowers and one of the tallest varieties
- ‘Sioux’ Rose-pink flowers, upright growth habit, and good fall color
These varieties have been tested for their performance in different regions of Florida, from North Florida’s cooler winters to South Florida’s tropical climate. UF IFAS advises selecting a cultivar that matches the available space and desired height.
Proper Planting and Care
Planting crape myrtles correctly is essential to ensure healthy establishment and future growth. UF IFAS provides a step-by-step approach to planting and maintaining crape myrtles to minimize problems and promote long-term success.
Planting Guidelines
- Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil
- Dig a hole twice as wide but only as deep as the root ball
- Backfill with native soil and water thoroughly
- Apply mulch to retain moisture and prevent weed growth
Crape myrtles require full sun (at least six hours per day) for optimal blooming. Shaded areas can result in fewer flowers and increased risk of disease. Once established, these trees are fairly drought-tolerant and do not require frequent watering.
Fertilization Tips
Use a slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support new growth. Avoid over-fertilization, as this can lead to excessive foliage at the expense of blooms. UF IFAS recommends soil testing to determine specific nutrient needs and adjust fertilization accordingly.
Pruning Recommendations from UF IFAS
Pruning is a topic that often causes confusion among crape myrtle owners. The term crape murder has been coined to describe the harmful practice of cutting back these trees severely each year. UF IFAS strongly advises against this method.
Proper Pruning Practices
- Prune in late winter before new growth emerges
- Remove suckers from the base of the tree
- Cut crossing or rubbing branches
- Thin out interior branches to improve air circulation
The goal of pruning should be to enhance the tree’s natural shape, remove dead or diseased wood, and encourage healthy growth. Over-pruning can weaken the tree and reduce bloom quantity and quality.
Common Pests and Diseases
While crape myrtles are generally hardy, they are susceptible to a few pests and diseases. UF IFAS provides extensive information on identifying and managing these issues with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.
Common Problems
- Aphids: Cause sticky residue and black sooty mold
- Powdery Mildew: A fungal disease affecting leaves and flowers
- Bark Scale: A white, waxy insect infestation
To manage these problems, UF IFAS suggests selecting resistant cultivars, maintaining proper plant spacing, and using horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps when necessary. Early detection and action are key to preserving plant health.
Environmental Benefits of Crape Myrtles
Beyond their beauty, crape myrtles offer several environmental advantages. They attract pollinators, provide shade, and contribute to urban cooling. Their drought tolerance also makes them an eco-friendly choice for sustainable landscaping in Florida.
Wildlife and Pollinator Support
The flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects, contributing to local ecosystems. Birds may use larger trees for shelter, and the bark provides habitat for various small creatures.
UF IFAS crape myrtle guidance has proven invaluable for Florida gardeners looking to add color and structure to their landscapes. Through careful research and practical advice, UF IFAS has helped shape best practices for growing healthy, long-lasting crape myrtles in the Sunshine State. By selecting the right cultivar, following sound planting techniques, and adhering to recommended care practices, gardeners can enjoy the full beauty and benefits of this iconic ornamental tree for years to come.