In modern livestock and forage systems, producers are constantly looking for reliable crops that can provide both high yields and superior nutritional value. Roundup Ready forage soybeans have emerged as a practical and efficient choice for farmers seeking to enhance feed quality while maintaining control over weed competition. These genetically modified soybean varieties are engineered to tolerate glyphosate herbicides, allowing farmers to manage fields more effectively and produce higher-quality forage for cattle and other ruminants. Unlike traditional grain soybeans, forage soybeans are bred to deliver biomass rather than just seed yield, making them ideal for silage, haylage, and grazing systems.
What Are Roundup Ready Forage Soybeans?
Genetic Traits and Advantages
Roundup Ready forage soybeans are soybean cultivars developed to tolerate glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide. These soybeans are specifically designed for forage use, meaning they have characteristics such as increased leafiness, taller stalks, and extended maturity periods. Unlike traditional soybeans that are harvested for their beans, forage soybeans are grown for the entire plant, including leaves and stems, which contribute significantly to livestock nutrition.
Why Choose Roundup Ready Varieties?
The Roundup Ready trait allows farmers to apply glyphosate directly over the crop to control weeds without harming the soybeans. This simplifies weed management and reduces the need for multiple herbicide applications. It also results in cleaner fields, better crop growth, and improved biomass production. When combined with the natural forage benefits of soybeans, this makes Roundup Ready forage soybeans a powerful tool for feed production.
Benefits of Growing Forage Soybeans
Nutritional Profile
Forage soybeans offer high protein content, excellent digestibility, and a balanced amino acid profile, making them a valuable feed component for cattle. When harvested at the right stage, the entire plant provides a high-energy, high-protein forage suitable for beef and dairy cattle.
- Crude Protein: Typically ranges from 16% to 22% depending on maturity at harvest
- Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN): Approximately 60% to 70%
- Fiber Content: Moderate to high, depending on harvest timing and variety
Flexible Harvesting Options
Roundup Ready forage soybeans offer flexibility in harvest. They can be grazed in the field, cut for hay, baled as haylage, or ensiled with other forages like corn. This versatility allows producers to match harvest strategies with seasonal needs, herd requirements, or equipment availability.
Extended Grazing Window
Unlike some traditional summer forages, forage soybeans provide an extended grazing window due to their slower maturity and regrowth potential. Livestock can graze on forage soybeans well into the late summer or early fall, depending on planting date and weather conditions.
How to Plant and Manage Roundup Ready Forage Soybeans
Seed Selection and Preparation
Choose a Roundup Ready forage soybean variety suited to your growing region and forage goals. Seed treatments may include inoculants for nitrogen fixation, particularly if soybeans haven’t been grown recently on the land. Planting rates typically range from 75,000 to 150,000 seeds per acre depending on intended use (grazing vs. hay vs. silage).
Planting Conditions
- Soil Temperature: Ideal for planting is 60°F or warmer
- Soil Type: Well-drained, loamy soils are preferred
- Planting Depth: 1 to 1.5 inches deep
- Row Spacing: Narrow rows (15-30 inches) support faster canopy closure and weed suppression
Fertilization and Soil Health
Roundup Ready forage soybeans, like all legumes, can fix atmospheric nitrogen through their root nodules. However, starter fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium may be necessary, especially in nutrient-deficient soils. A soil test should be conducted to determine exact requirements.
Weed and Pest Management
The use of glyphosate allows for effective weed control after emergence without harming the crop. It is crucial to apply herbicide at the proper stage for maximum efficiency and minimal drift. Insect pests such as aphids or caterpillars should be monitored and treated only if they reach economic thresholds.
Harvesting and Utilization
Timing for Maximum Forage Quality
Harvesting at the right stage is key to maximizing forage quality. For hay or haylage, cutting during early pod fill provides the best balance of yield and nutritional value. For silage or green chop, later stages may be acceptable depending on livestock needs and desired moisture content.
- Grazing: Can begin at 18 to 24 inches of height
- Hay: Cut before full pod set to preserve leaf material
- Silage: Harvest at 60-70% moisture for best fermentation
Ensiling with Corn or Sorghum
Forage soybeans can be mixed with corn or sorghum for a more balanced silage product. The high protein in soybeans complements the energy-rich content of corn, creating a well-rounded feed for ruminants. Proper chopping and packing are essential for effective fermentation.
Considerations and Challenges
Moisture Management
One of the primary challenges of using forage soybeans is managing moisture at harvest. Soybeans tend to retain water longer than grasses, so drying time for hay may be extended. Haylage or silage options may be better suited in wetter conditions or regions with high humidity.
Lodging and Standability
Forage soybeans can grow tall and may lodge (fall over), especially under high fertility. Choosing varieties with strong stems and managing fertility inputs can reduce this issue. Narrower rows and higher plant populations may also improve standability.
GMO and Market Perceptions
Although Roundup Ready forage soybeans are highly effective, their genetically modified nature may not be acceptable in all markets or operations. Producers should be aware of labeling requirements and customer preferences, especially for organic or non-GMO systems.
Environmental and Soil Benefits
Soil Improvement and Nitrogen Fixation
Like other legumes, forage soybeans enhance soil health by fixing nitrogen, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers in rotation crops. Their root systems also improve soil structure and prevent erosion when used as part of a cover crop rotation.
Pollinator-Friendly Potential
Forage soybeans in bloom can attract pollinators such as bees, contributing to local biodiversity. Although not typically grown for this purpose, they can still play a small role in supporting pollinator populations during their flowering stage.
Roundup Ready forage soybeans are an effective and versatile option for livestock producers looking to enhance feed quality while simplifying weed management. With their high protein content, flexibility in harvesting, and compatibility with modern herbicide systems, these soybeans are becoming a staple in progressive forage systems. When properly managed, they can contribute significantly to ruminant nutrition and overall farm productivity. Whether used for grazing, haylage, or mixed silage, Roundup Ready forage soybeans offer a reliable and productive solution for forage needs across many climates and farming styles.