Margery Kempe is one of the most fascinating and unconventional figures in medieval English history. Known for her deep religious devotion, spiritual visions, and autobiographical writings, she has intrigued historians, literary scholars, and religious thinkers alike. Though she lived in the 14th and 15th centuries, her story continues to capture the imagination of modern readers. With her passionate personality, outspoken nature, and unshakable faith, Margery Kempe defied societal expectations of women and left behind a legacy that endures through The Book of Margery Kempe, considered one of the earliest autobiographies in English literature.
Early Life and Background
Born in a Prosperous Family
Margery Kempe was born around 1373 in Bishop’s Lynn (now known as King’s Lynn) in Norfolk, England. She came from a wealthy family; her father, John Brunham, was a prominent merchant and even served as the town’s mayor. This background provided her with connections and a level of privilege that allowed her to engage with religious and social circles uncommon for most medieval women.
Marriage and Motherhood
Margery married John Kempe, with whom she had at least 14 children an impressive number even by medieval standards. Despite this conventional role as a wife and mother, Margery’s life took a dramatic spiritual turn that defied the expected trajectory for women in her position.
Religious Experiences and Pilgrimages
Visions and Voices
One of the most notable fun facts about Margery Kempe is her claim to have heard the voice of Jesus Christ, along with other saints and holy figures. These divine messages often gave her guidance and reinforced her commitment to a life of devotion. In one early vision, she described a conversation with Christ in which he forgave her sins, a moment that became the catalyst for her spiritual transformation.
Frequent Tears
Margery Kempe became known for her uncontrollable weeping during religious services. She would cry loudly in churches, on the streets, and during her travels, claiming it was out of love for Christ. Her dramatic displays of emotion were often viewed with skepticism and annoyance, especially by clergy and fellow pilgrims, but Margery saw them as a sign of divine favor.
Pilgrimages Around the World
Margery went on multiple pilgrimages, not just within England but also across Europe and the Holy Land. Some of the places she visited include:
- Canterbury
- Rome
- Jerusalem
- Santiago de Compostela
- Aachen
These journeys were perilous and unusual for women of her time, but Margery’s determination to demonstrate her devotion was stronger than the dangers she faced on the road.
Writing the First English Autobiography
Illiterate but Influential
Although Margery Kempe could not read or write, she dictated her life story to a scribe. This resulted in The Book of Margery Kempe, which offers a vivid account of her visions, pilgrimages, and struggles. It is considered the first known autobiography in English. Interestingly, it wasn’t rediscovered until the 20th century when a manuscript was found in a private collection in 1934.
Breaking Literary Norms
The structure of her book is unconventional. It refers to Margery in the third person and jumps across different parts of her life, making it both spiritually rich and structurally unique. Despite this, it provides historians with invaluable insights into medieval spirituality, gender roles, and daily life.
Controversies and Challenges
Accusations of Heresy
Margery’s outspoken religious behavior did not sit well with everyone. She was frequently accused of heresy and was even brought before the Church courts several times. However, she was never convicted. Her ability to defend her beliefs without formal education highlights her rhetorical skill and strong conviction.
Gender and Religious Authority
One of the most compelling aspects of Margery Kempe’s life is how she challenged the limitations placed on women in religious discourse. She claimed direct communication with God, expressed strong theological views, and sought spiritual equality with male clergy. In doing so, she paved the way for future female mystics and writers.
Interesting and Lesser-Known Facts
A Public Religious Persona
Margery was often seen wearing white clothing, a symbol of chastity and spiritual purity, even after having many children. This was highly unusual and sometimes scandalous in her time, but she insisted on living as a celibate from a certain point onward, with the reluctant agreement of her husband.
She Negotiated Celibacy with Her Husband
Margery persuaded her husband to live a celibate life with her a rare agreement in an era where marital roles were firmly set. This unusual decision was driven by her spiritual aspirations and her belief that physical pleasure conflicted with holiness.
She Was Both Admired and Mocked
While some admired Margery’s devotion, others ridiculed her for being overly dramatic or mentally unstable. Nevertheless, she remained confident in her beliefs and continued her spiritual practices regardless of the judgment she received from others.
Her Book Was Lost for Centuries
Although ‘The Book of Margery Kempe’ was composed in the 15th century, it vanished from public knowledge for centuries. A single surviving manuscript, discovered in the 1930s, brought her story back to life, sparking a renewed interest in medieval women’s voices and spiritual literature.
She Was a Mystic but Not a Nun
Unlike many other famous mystics of the Middle Ages, Margery was not a nun. She remained a layperson throughout her life, showing that deep religious insight and mystical experiences were not limited to monastic settings. This made her stand out even more in religious circles.
Legacy of Margery Kempe
A Pioneer of Autobiographical Literature
Margery Kempe’s legacy lies not only in her religious devotion but also in her literary contribution. She was a trailblazer for autobiographical writing, especially as a woman in a male-dominated society. Her voice, preserved through dictation, provides a rare and rich perspective on medieval spirituality.
Symbol of Feminine Spirituality
Today, scholars view Margery Kempe as a symbol of feminine spiritual power. Her courage in expressing her beliefs, resisting societal norms, and documenting her journey resonates strongly in academic and religious discussions.
Inspiration for Modern Readers
Margery’s boldness, sincerity, and determination have inspired countless modern readers and writers. She demonstrates that personal faith and conviction can transcend historical limitations and that the voice of one determined individual can echo across centuries.
Margery Kempe was more than just a medieval mystic; she was a complex woman who dared to be different in a world that demanded conformity. From her spiritual visions and emotional expressions to her pioneering autobiography, Margery Kempe remains an enduring figure in history. Her story is filled with surprising facts, remarkable courage, and a lasting message about the power of personal faith and self-expression. For anyone interested in religious history, medieval literature, or the evolution of women’s voices, Margery Kempe is a figure worth exploring.