Caloocan is one of the key cities situated in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, commonly known as Metro Manila. It plays a vital role in the region’s urban landscape, economy, and governance. Many people, especially those unfamiliar with the layout of the Philippines, often wonder whether Caloocan is officially part of Metro Manila. Understanding the geographical and administrative organization of this bustling metropolis helps answer that question and provides insight into Caloocan’s significance within the region.
Yes, Caloocan Is Part of Metro Manila
Caloocan is indeed one of the 16 highly urbanized cities that make up Metro Manila. The National Capital Region (NCR), or Metro Manila, serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of the Philippines. Caloocan, being a chartered city within this region, contributes to the overall dynamics of Metro Manila in terms of population, development, infrastructure, and local governance.
Geographical Location
Caloocan is located in the northern part of Metro Manila. It is unique in that the city is geographically split into two separate areas
- South Caloocan– This area is bordered by Manila, Quezon City, Malabon, and Navotas. It is the older part of the city, historically known as the original urban center.
- North Caloocan– Located farther north, this section is adjacent to cities and municipalities in Bulacan Province such as San Jose del Monte and Marilao. It includes residential areas, subdivisions, and growing commercial zones.
This split structure is rare and sometimes confusing to those unfamiliar with the city’s layout, but both areas are officially under the jurisdiction of the City Government of Caloocan.
Caloocan in the Context of Metro Manila
Metro Manila is composed of 16 cities and 1 municipality, all of which are under the administrative supervision of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). Caloocan is one of these cities and actively participates in regional planning, disaster response, traffic management, and infrastructure development through coordination with the MMDA.
Other Cities in Metro Manila Include
- Manila
- Quezon City
- Makati
- Pasay
- Taguig
- Muntinlupa
- Parañaque
- Marikina
- Pasig
- Valenzuela
- Las Piñas
- Malabon
- Navotas
- San Juan
- Mandaluyong
- And the municipality of Pateros
Each city has its own government, mayor, and city council, but they are all part of the collective governance and coordination efforts managed by Metro Manila authorities.
Historical Background of Caloocan
Caloocan has a long and rich history. It was officially established as a city in 1962 and was once part of the Province of Rizal before being included in Metro Manila. During the Spanish colonial period, Caloocan played an important role as a center of early revolutionary movements. It is historically associated with the Katipunan, a Filipino revolutionary society that fought for independence from Spanish rule.
Over the decades, Caloocan evolved from a provincial municipality into a dense urban center and an integral part of the National Capital Region. Its inclusion in Metro Manila was formalized through Presidential Decree No. 824 in 1975, which created the NCR as a separate administrative region.
Population and Urban Development
Caloocan is one of the most populous cities in Metro Manila and in the entire Philippines. According to recent data, it has a population of over 1.6 million residents, making it one of the densest urban areas in the country.
Key Characteristics of Caloocan
- High-density residential zones
- Commercial centers and shopping malls
- Industrial districts
- Public markets and transport hubs
The city continues to expand, especially in North Caloocan, where more land is available for housing and mixed-use developments. Despite some urban challenges like congestion and informal settlements, the city has made progress in infrastructure, public services, and modernization.
Transportation and Accessibility
Being part of Metro Manila means Caloocan is well-connected to the rest of the capital region through major road networks, public transportation, and rail lines. Key transport routes pass through the city, making it a transit hub for people traveling between Manila and northern provinces.
Main Transport Features Include
- Monumento Circle– A central roundabout and landmark in South Caloocan
- LRT Line 1– Connecting Caloocan to Manila and Pasay
- National highways– Such as EDSA and Rizal Avenue, running through the city
- Bus and jeepney routes– Linking various districts within Metro Manila
Plans for new transport infrastructure, including extensions of train lines and new road projects, aim to ease traffic congestion and improve connectivity.
Government and Administration
Caloocan is governed like any other city in the Philippines, with a mayor, vice mayor, and city council. As part of Metro Manila, its local government also coordinates with regional bodies for shared services and infrastructure planning.
The city is divided into three congressional districts, each represented in the House of Representatives. Local governance also includes barangays, which are the smallest administrative units responsible for grassroots-level services and community affairs.
Economic and Cultural Contributions
Aside from being a residential and industrial center, Caloocan contributes to Metro Manila’s economy through its retail, manufacturing, and service industries. The city has a vibrant culture with community festivals, historical landmarks, and a strong sense of local identity.
Key Economic Activities
- Small and medium enterprises
- Motorcycle and automotive dealerships
- Public markets and trade centers
- Construction and housing development
Caloocan also has numerous schools, colleges, and public hospitals that serve not only its residents but also people from nearby cities and provinces.
Why It Matters That Caloocan Is Part of Metro Manila
Understanding that Caloocan is part of Metro Manila has practical and political implications. It means that the city benefits from shared infrastructure, regional planning, disaster response coordination, and metropolitan governance. Residents also enjoy access to resources and services that are integrated across the entire National Capital Region.
From a national perspective, Caloocan contributes significantly to the social, economic, and political fabric of the Philippines. Its inclusion in Metro Manila cements its role in shaping the future of the country’s most important urban region.
Caloocan is unquestionably part of Metro Manila, both geographically and administratively. With its large population, rich history, and strategic location, the city plays a key role in the development of the National Capital Region. Whether looking at maps, urban policy, transportation, or governance, Caloocan stands firmly within the structure of Metro Manila, helping define the identity and future of this dynamic metropolitan area.